Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides full-duplex communication channels over a single, long-lived connection, enabling interactive communication between web browsers and servers.

Alibaba Cloud Object Storage Service (OSS) is a cloud-based object storage service provided by Alibaba Cloud, which allows users to store and access large amounts of data in the cloud.

OpenResty is a web platform based on nginx which can run Lua scripts using its LuaJIT engine.

Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

Ruby on Rails is a server-side web application framework written in Ruby under the MIT License.

Ruby is an open-source object-oriented programming language.