Varnish is a reverse caching proxy.

Fastly is a cloud computing services provider. Fastly's cloud platform provides a content delivery network, Internet security services, load balancing, and video & streaming services.

GitHub Pages is a static site hosting service.

Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform, JavaScript runtime environment that executes JavaScript code outside a web browser.

Express is a web application framework for Node.js, released as free and open-source software under the MIT License. It is designed for building web applications and APIs.

Cloudflare bot management solution identifies and mitigates automated traffic to protect websites from bad bots.

Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud services platform offering compute power, database storage, content delivery and other functionality.

Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds.