Ubuntu is a free and open-source operating system on Linux for the enterprise server, desktop, cloud, and IoT.

Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud services platform offering compute power, database storage, content delivery and other functionality.

Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

GeeTest is a CAPTCHA and bot management provider, protects websites, mobile apps, and APIs from automated bot-driven attacks, like ATO, credential stuffing, web scalping, etc.

Cloudflare bot management solution identifies and mitigates automated traffic to protect websites from bad bots.