Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud services platform offering compute power, database storage, content delivery and other functionality.

MGID is a programmatic advertising platform frequently used by misinformation websites.

Cloudflare Browser Insights is a tool that measures the performance of websites from the perspective of users.

YouTube is a video sharing service where users can create their own profile, upload videos, watch, like and comment on other videos.

Blogger is a blog-publishing service that allows multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries.

jQuery is a JavaScript library which is a free, open-source software designed to simplify HTML DOM tree traversal and manipulation, as well as event handling, CSS animation, and Ajax.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language used for web development.

Google AdSense is a program run by Google through which website publishers serve advertisements that are targeted to the site content and audience.

Google Analytics is a free web analytics service that tracks and reports website traffic.

Python is an interpreted and general-purpose programming language.

cdnjs is a free distributed JS library delivery service.