Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

Alibaba Cloud Object Storage Service (OSS) is a cloud-based object storage service provided by Alibaba Cloud, which allows users to store and access large amounts of data in the cloud.

Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

Vue.js is an open-source model–view–viewmodel JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language used for web development.

Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds.

Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud services platform offering compute power, database storage, content delivery and other functionality.

WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides full-duplex communication channels over a single, long-lived connection, enabling interactive communication between web browsers and servers.