Ubuntu is a free and open-source operating system on Linux for the enterprise server, desktop, cloud, and IoT.

Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

Express is a web application framework for Node.js, released as free and open-source software under the MIT License. It is designed for building web applications and APIs.

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform, JavaScript runtime environment that executes JavaScript code outside a web browser.

Cloudflare bot management solution identifies and mitigates automated traffic to protect websites from bad bots.

Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.