Varnish is a reverse caching proxy.

Alibaba Cloud Object Storage Service (OSS) is a cloud-based object storage service provided by Alibaba Cloud, which allows users to store and access large amounts of data in the cloud.

Tengine is a web server which is based on the Nginx HTTP server.

Vue.js is an open-source model–view–viewmodel JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

PayPal is an online payments system that supports online money transfers and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods like checks and money orders.

Apache Traffic Server is an open-source caching and proxying server that serves as an HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 reverse proxy with caching capabilities, load balancing, request routing, SSL termination, and support for advanced HTTP features.

OpenResty is a web platform based on nginx which can run Lua scripts using its LuaJIT engine.

Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud services platform offering compute power, database storage, content delivery and other functionality.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language used for web development.