Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

Google Tag Manager is a tag management system (TMS) that allows you to quickly and easily update measurement codes and related code fragments collectively known as tags on your website or mobile app.

reCAPTCHA is a free service from Google that helps protect websites from spam and abuse.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language used for web development.

Cloudflare bot management solution identifies and mitigates automated traffic to protect websites from bad bots.

Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface.

Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud services platform offering compute power, database storage, content delivery and other functionality.

Envoy is an open-source edge and service proxy, designed for cloud-native applications.

OpenResty is a web platform based on nginx which can run Lua scripts using its LuaJIT engine.