Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

Inertia.js is a protocol for creating monolithic single-page applications.

Vue.js is an open-source model–view–viewmodel JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides full-duplex communication channels over a single, long-lived connection, enabling interactive communication between web browsers and servers.