Plesk is a web hosting and server data centre automation software with a control panel developed for Linux and Windows-based retail hosting service providers.

Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language used for web development.

Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface.

Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud services platform offering compute power, database storage, content delivery and other functionality.

Vercel is a cloud platform for static frontends and serverless functions.

Cloudflare bot management solution identifies and mitigates automated traffic to protect websites from bad bots.