WEBSITE ANALYSIS REPORT
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/6240938.pdf?abstractid=6240938&mirid=1
public
Host summary
Observed host history, traffic, and infrastructure
| Host | Rank | Registered | First seen | Last seen | Sent | Received | IP | Fingerprints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| challenges.cloudflare.com | 11393 | 2009-02-17 | 2021-10-20 | 2026-10-11 | 30.4 KB | 3.78 MB |  104.18.94.41 | Cloudflare CDN Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services. |
| brunhild.challenges.cloudflare.com | N/A | 2009-02-17 | 2026-06-24 | 2026-10-14 | 1.8 KB | 0 B | Not recorded | |
| papers.ssrn.com | 100175 | 1996-02-15 | 2017-01-31 | 2026-10-13 | 22.0 KB | 1.16 MB | 104.16.39.248 | Cloudflare CDN Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services. Microsoft ASP.NET Web frameworks ASP.NET is an open-source, server-side web-application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. Cloudflare Bot Management Security Cloudflare bot management solution identifies and mitigates automated traffic to protect websites from bad bots. |
Observed certificates
Distinct fingerprints recorded in HTTP transactions
| Subject | Issuer | Valid from | Valid until | Fingerprint | Hosts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| papers.ssrn.com | Google Trust Services · WE1 | Mon, 12 Oct 2026 11:15:54 GMT | Sun, 10 Jan 2027 12:15:52 GMT | SHA256A5:0E:7A:16:35:FB:72:D6:19:5D:50:B0:48:61:FF:0D:96:13:1B:1F:90:61:EC:C7:87:22:AA:6D:B5:AF:B6:A6 | papers.ssrn.com |
| challenges.cloudflare.com | Google Trust Services · WE1 | Mon, 12 Oct 2026 21:46:46 GMT | Sun, 10 Jan 2027 22:46:44 GMT | SHA256FD:B0:64:92:41:E6:C5:EF:1C:F5:E1:27:F5:36:B0:72:7A:CD:A3:B5:4A:6C:F7:AC:09:E3:78:CF:45:C4:A7:DC | challenges.cloudflare.com |